XDG portal filechooser for Firefox: the KDE implementation uses Dolphin, which is full of features and I use most of them; the default GTK one is mildly infuriating to use and looks ugly too, but getting the browser to use the portal I want was a nightmare - especially since GTK discontinued the GTK_USE_PORTAL envvar.
The related Firefox config entries make no sense either.
Here it is:
#!/usr/bin/zsh
nl=$'\n'
dnl=$'\n\n'
url=$1
msgcontent=$url; shift
argi=1
for arg ($@); do
argi=$(($argi + 1))
msgcontent=${msgcontent}${nl}Argument\ ${argi}': '${arg}
done
title="${0:A}"
msg="An application attempted to open a web page:${dnl}\"${msgcontent}\"${dnl}Copy the URL to clipboard?"
kdialog --title $title --yesno $msg
answer=$?
if [[ $answer = 0 ]]; then wl-copy $url; fi
If you want to translate it to Bash, keep in mind that arrays behave differently between the two shells, and syntax like for arg ($@); do would likely misbehave or not work at all.
Also, there’s an issue where some applications do something weird, and the URL seems to be a zero-length argument. I have absolutely no idea what’s up with that.
You can set some browser-unrelated program or script as your desktop environment’s default browser, for example I wrote a Zsh script that creates a KDE dialog and asks me to copy the URL to the clipboard.
I’m not currently at my PC, but if you want it I can paste it in a comment here when I get to it - it shouldn’t be too hard to translate it to Bash, either.
Other than that? /usr/bin/true is a pretty nice default browser for applications to start without your consent, very minimal and lightweight.
Nah, it’s just that /proc is incorrect - it contains information about running processes, as well as kernel data structures as visible by the process reading them.
It feels like /opt 's official meaning is completely lost on developers/packagers (depending on who’s at fault), every single directory in my /opt belongs to standalone software that should just be put into either /usr/lib or /usr/share with some symlinks or scripts into /usr/bin.
… for the next 3 months, until a security update makes its way onto your device and also coincidentally breaks GRUB, hey look Recall is now enabled and opt-out.
No, Micro for the linux
As for the second question: Windows 11 IoT LTSC has yet to be mentioned here - the only things that can stop you from using it are legality and convenience.
I’m not sure if W10 has an IoT LTSC version, but W10 LTSC does exist.
I remember trying to push the limits with a Windows 10 VM, and 2GB was the bare minimum;
however, Windows loves to abuse virtual memory (basically using the main storage drive instead of RAM) and if that drive is a HDD the PC is little more than an IoT space heater.
A relative of mine has a Windows 10 PC with 4GB of memory and it takes ~ 5 minutes to start Chrome after booting it up; it does have a lot of miscellaneous bloatware on it, though.
Same here, in fact I didn’t know it was another one of those Linux-adjacent topics.
Have sexual intercourse with the HDMI Forum and the HDMI spec.
I remember listening to a rant from the WAN Show about it, so this seems to be the case, more or less.
I’ve also heard that FreeSync does work with DisplayPort.
I’m glad this misunderstanding about an error in HD came to a resolution
Yes, caches. Lots of caches.
So, the original content is lost forever?
No, but it becomes invisible and inaccessible* as long as the filesystem is mounted over it - see this Stack Exchange question and accepted answer.
The benefits are marginal, for example I can see if a filesystem is mounted by simply typing ll /mnt (ll being an alias of ls -lA) - it comes handy with my system due to how I manage a bunch of virtual machines and their virtual disks, and it’s short and easy to type.
Some programs may refuse to write inside inaccessible directories, even if the root user can always modify regular files and directories as long as the filesystem supports it.
It’s not a matter of security, it’s more of a hint that if I’m trying to create something inside those directories then I’m doing something wrong (like forgetting to mount a filesystem) and “permission denied” errors let me know that I am.
No, directories without anything mounted on them are normal directories - which checks out, since you can mount anything anywhere; unlike Windows volume letters, which only exist when volumes are mounted or detected by the OS.
When you mount a filesystem onto a directory, the OS “replaces” its contents AND permissions with that of the filesystem’s root.
Here’s an example with my setup (hopefully you’re somewhat familiar with Bash and the output of ls -l).
Imagine some random filesystem in /dev/sda1 owned by “user” which only contains a file named “/Hello World.txt”:
$ # List permissions of files in /mnt:
$ # note that none of the directories have read, write nor execute permissions
$ ls -la /mnt
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 168 May 31 23:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 128 May 31 23:14 ..
d--------- 1 root root 0 Aug 1 2020 a/
d--------- 1 root root 0 Feb 11 2022 b/
d--------- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 2021 vdisks/
$ # No read permission on a directory => directory entries cannot be listed
$ ls /mnt/a
cannot open directory '/mnt/a': Permission denied
$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/a
$ # List again the permissions in /mnt: the root of /dev/sda1
$ # has rwxr-xr-x (or 755) permissions, which override the 000 of /mnt/a ...
$ ls -la /mnt
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 168 May 31 23:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 128 May 31 23:14 ..
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Aug 1 2020 a/
d--------- 1 root root 0 Feb 11 2022 b/
d--------- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 2021 vdisks/
$ # ... and its contents can be accessed by the mounted filesystem's owner:
$ ls -la /mnt/a
drwxr-xr-x 1 user user 168 May 31 23:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 168 May 31 23:13 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 Jul 4 22:13 'Hello World.txt'
$ find /mnt
/mnt
/mnt/a
/mnt/a/Hello World.txt
find: ‘/mnt/b Permission denied
find: ‘/mnt/vdisks’: Permission denied
Please note that me setting permissions is just extreme pedantry, it’s not necessary at all and barely changes anything and if you’re still getting familiar with how the Linux VFS and its permissions work you can just ignore all of this.
Adding to what the other comment explained:
I use chown 000 so that regular users fail to access a directory when no filesystem is mounted on it; in practice it never happens, because “regular users” = { me }, but I like being pedantic.
As for /mnt, it is supposed to be a single temp. mountpoint, but I use it as the parent directory of multiple mountpoints some of which are just for temporary use.
I decided to simply create directories within /mnt, chmod 000 them and use them as fixed mountpoints;
for manual temporary mounts I have /mnt/a, /mnt/b, … /mnt/f, but I never needed to use more than two of them at once.
While this setup doesn’t really respect the filesystem hierarchy, I wouldn’t have used /mnt at all if I were constrained by its standard purpose since having one available manual mountpoint seems pretty limiting to me.
Then again, I have 3 physical drives with ~ 10 partitions, plus one removable drive with its own dedicated mountpoint…
Zsh, because unlike Bash using arrays in Zsh doesn’t make me want to perform percussive maintenance on the nearest Von-Neumann machine
You don’t have to switch, you can dualboot if you have some disk space to spare.
Unfortunately the only rolling-release distro I’ve ever used for more than 10 minutes is Arch Linux, which is not “easy to use”; it’s not hard, but you have to tinker with it every now and then (especially in the beginning, since you have to set everything up) - if you run pacman updates without looking at the archlinux.org frontpage beforehand you might find yourself with a malfunctioning bootloader or something on that nature.
AL updates are known for breaking things a few times, but in my opinion it offers a good compromise between DIY and … y’know, Ubuntu.
I think GNOME’s filechooser is the GTK one (never used it so I’m not sure), mine looks like this:
It’s entirely possible that Firefox changed and now uses XDG portals by default, I configured it like this a long time ago.
As for how to configure it, I honestly don’t know.
It was a combination of messing with
widget.use-xdg-desktop-portalon about:config, and changing XDG envvars and dotfiles; both by following several conflicting Reddit and bbs.archlinux.org posts.